a.) The author does not agree that the world is becoming a flat place, but rather sees the world as an aggregated spiky place. Instead of the world becoming a flat, fair competitive market, Florida sees the world as divided between flat areas and spiky areas. The spiky areas are successful, innovative areas that are more connected than spikes are connected to flat areas in their own countries. Spikes, in Florida's spiky world, are highly populated, productive, and innovative areas.
b.) This relates to central place theory because it shows how societies clump together around huge urban areas. It also relates to the idea in the central place theory that larger cities, or greater spikes, can provide services that lesser areas cannot. Florida touches on this when he talks about how innovators will clump together because of productivity advantages, economies of scale, and knowledge spillovers.
c.) Istanbul has a population of 13 million, is an international hub for air travel, and lies on the border of Europe of Asia, qualifying the city as a National Metropolis. Gebze Turkey is an industrial city of about 280 thousand people located about 30 miles away from Istanbul. I would classify Gebze as a small city. Dilovasi is an interesting town located near Gebze that is recognized for its harsh industrialization and pollution. Dilovasi has a population of about 50,000. Ankara is also in the category of a National metropolis but I would put it lower than Istanbul because of its lower population and located at the middle of the nation. The area that my grandfather grew up on is a small farming community that could be considered a Hamlet. I couldn't find the name of the town, which is testament to its size.
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